Monográficos: El largo
plazo en la política comparada
Los patrones de dependencia en los cambios de régimen: América Central en perspectiva comparada
James Mahoney
Resumen:
El presente ensayo aborda la aplicación de las ideas sobre los patrones de dependencia para el estudio de los cambios de régimen político nacional. En primera instancia, se revisan los componentes centrales de la explicación de los patrones de dependencia, incluyendo los conceptos de coyuntura crítica y legado. Este tipo de explicación se aplica al análisis de las diversas trayectorias de regímenes en América Central durante los siglos XIX y XX. En el ensayo se señala que el periodo de la reforma liberal del siglo XIX constituyó una coyuntura crítica que encerró a los países centroamericanos en patrones divergentes de desarrollo a largo plazo, culminando en regímenes con marcados contrastes. La sección final sitúa el argumento sobre América Central dentro de una perspectiva comparativa mucho más amplia al tomar en cuenta otras explicaciones sobre los cambios de régimen basados en los patrones de dependencia.
Abstract:
This paper explores the application of ideas about path dependence to the study of national political regime change. It first reviews the central components of path-dependent explanation, including the concepts of critical juncture and legacy. This mode of explanation is then employed in the analysis of diverging regime trajectories in Central America during the 19th and 20th centuries. The paper argues that the 19th-century liberal reform period was a critical juncture that locked the Central American countries onto divergent paths of long-term development, culminating in sharply contrasting regime outcomes. A final section puts the argument about Central America in a broader comparative perspective by considering other path-dependent explanations of regime
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